The Glorious First Easter

 

This is the final chapter of our study of Matthew's Gospel, a collaboration between Mary Barmore and Alice C. Linsley. To prepare, read Matthew chapter 28. When you have finished, answer the 8 questions. Scroll to the bottom to check your answers.

Introduction

Matthew 28 recounts the resurrection of Jesus, beginning with women coming to the guarded tomb. An earthquake occurred and an angel descended from heaven and rolled away the stone at the entrance to the tomb. The guards trembled with fear. The angel greeted the women and announced that Jesus had risen. Jesus appeared to them, instructing them to tell the disciples to meet him in Galilee. The chapter ends with the Great Commission where Jesus commands his followers to make disciples of all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit. He promises to be with his people to the close of the age.

Questions

1.When did the women come to the tomb?

2. What did the angel say to the women?

3. How did the women react to the angel's message?

4. What did the women do when Jesus met them?

5. What did the chief priests and elders do when the guards came to report what had happened?

6. How did the eleven disciples react when they saw Jesus in Galilee?

7. Why did Jesus say, "All authority in heaven and on earth has been given to me"? (v. 18)

8. What liturgical formula is essential to baptism as Jesus commanded? (A liturgical formula is a prescribed form of words or prayers used in public worship to perform specific religious acts such as the Lord's Supper and Baptism.)

Answers

1. Two women named Mary came to the tomb very early in the morning on a Sunday. They came toward dawn. John 20:1 indicates that it was still dark. Sunrise Easter services are a way of acknowledging Jesus' resurrection which happened before dawn. Among the early Hebrew (4000-2000 B.C.) the Son of God was associated with the sun. He was said to rise in the morning as a lamb and to grow to the mature strength of a ram at sunset. He rode with the Father on the solar boat. The boat of the morning hours was called Mandjet and the boat of the evening hours was called Mesektet. While the Son was on the Mesektet, he was in his ram-headed form. You will recall that God provided a ram for Abraham to sacrifice on Mount Moriah. Abraham would have recognized the ram as a symbol of the Son of God yet to come.

2. The angel told them not to be afraid and explained that Jesus had risen. The women were invited to see the place where Jesus' body had been laid. They were witnesses that He was not there. The angel then told them to go quickly and tell the disciples that Jesus had risen from the dead and that he was going before them to Galilee where they would see him.

3. The women left the tomb immediately. They felt fear and great joy. They ran to tell the disciples as Jesus had instructed them.

4. When Jesus met the women, they took hold of his feet and worshipped him. There was no doubt in their minds who the man was. They became firsthand witnesses to the reality of Jesus' resurrection.

5. The chief priests and elders paid the guards to spread a lie that Jesus' disciples had come and taken away the body by night.

6. When the disciples saw the Risen Lord Jesus in Galilee they worshipped him, but some still had doubts.

7. By his death and resurrection Jesus took complete authority over sin and death and over the Evil One on earth. He receives all authority from God the Father who will make all God's enemies Christ's footstool (Ps. 110:11). Acting on his supreme authority, Jesus authorized his disciples to go into the world and encourage others to be obedient to the Gospel.

8. Christian baptism requires that the person be baptized in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit. Christianity is a trinitarian faith. Jesus' early Hebrew ancestors believed in God Father, God Son, and the life-generating Spirit of God long before Judaism emerged as a world religion. The Christian faith is summarized in the Apostles' Creed (often recited at baptisms) and the Nicene Creed. The Apostles' Creed and the Nicene Creed are foundational summaries of the Christian faith.

Mary and Alice are thankful for the wide readership of our study of Matthew's Gospel. We pray that what we have written will be a blessing and will strengthen your faith. May this Bright Week be a time of rejoicing because Christ is risen. He is risen indeed!

In May, we will begin our study of Mark's Gospel. Please join us!

Related reading: Christ's Third Day Resurrection; "Easter" Eggs in Antiquity; What Abraham Discovered on Mt. Moriah; Matthew's Testimony Concerning the Empty Tomb

Jesus Mocked and Crucified

 

We adore you, O Christ, and we praise you,

because by your holy Cross you have redeemed the world.

Welcome to this weekly study of Matthew's Gospel, a collaboration between Mary Barmore and Alice C. Linsley. To prepare, read Matthew chapter 27. When you have finished, answer the 10 questions. Scroll to the bottom to check your answers.

Introduction

Matthew 27 describes Jesus' trial, crucifixion, and burial in a tomb provided by Joseph Arimathea. Feeling great remorse, Judas returns the silver to the Temple authorities and commits suicide. Pilate releases Barabbas to the angry crowd instead of Jesus. Jesus is whipped (scourged) and mocked by soldiers in the Praetorium. Jesus is led to Golgotha, the place of execution. Simon of Cyrene is enlisted to carry Jesus' cross. After 3 hours of darkness, accompanied by earthquakes, the opening of tombs, and the raising of saints, Jesus dies. The chief priest and elders insist that the tomb be sealed and guarded because they fear that Jesus' disciples will take away the body and claim that Jesus rose from the dead.

Questions

1. What did the religious authorities do with the silver that Judas returned to them?

2. What did Pontius Pilate recognize about the religious authorities?

3. Who was Barabbas?

4. What evidence in the chapter indicates that Pilate recognized that Jesus was innocent?

5. In what way is the mocking of Jesus by the soldiers ironic?

6. Who was Simon of Cyrene?

7. Who mocked and reviled Jesus while he was on the cross?

8. What signs of Jesus' last hours on the cross indicate the cosmic implications of his death?

9. Who took responsibility for the burial of Jesus' body?

10. What did the religious authorities in Jerusalem fear would happen to Jesus' body?

Answers

1. They purchased a field in Jerusalem's Hinnom Valley to be used to bury foreigners and as a burial site for the poor. The field was called Akeldama, which means "Field of Blood" in Aramaic. Matthew 27 states that Judas hanged himself but Acts 1:18-19 reports that he fell and burst open in that field which was bought with his blood money.

2. Pilate recognized that the religious authorities had delivered Jesus to be executed out of envy (v. 18). Envy is one of the seven deadly sins. It can lead to murder. Cain murdered his brother out of envy. The religious authorities in Jerusalem sought to murder Jesus out of envy.

3. Barabbas was a Jewish prisoner described as a murderer, robber, and a violent rebel against Roman authority. Pilate gave in to the crowd's demand that Barabbas be released from prison instead of Jesus. Bar-abbas means "son of the father" in Aramaic.

4. Pilate asked the crowd what evil Jesus had done (v. 23) because Jesus stood before him blameless. Pilate also washed his hands before the crowd and declared, "I am innocent of this man's blood; see to that yourselves." This signified that he did want to bear the blood guilt for sentencing an innocent person. The Jews in the crowd who wanted Jesus to be executed were willing to bear the blood guilt. The agitators in the crowd shouted, "His blood be on us and on our children." Nevertheless, every human in every generation bears guilt for Christ's blood because of our sin. The paradox is that His blood frees us from the curse of sin and death, from guilt, and from anxiety.

5. The Roman soldiers attempted to humiliate Jesus by mocking him as king. By dressing him in a scarlet robe, placing a crown of thorns on his head, and hailing him as "King of the Jews" the soldiers acted out a coronation, and unintentionally proclaimed him king. Their cruel farse reveals that they knew of the reports that Jesus was a king.

6. Simon of Cyrene was the man compelled by the Roman soldiers to carry the cross when Jesus became too weak to carry it. Cyrene is the name of modern-day Libya in North Africa. Simon was probably a Jewish pilgrim who came to Jerusalem for the Passover. Mark 15:21 states that Simon was the father of Alexander and Rufus, who are believed to have become followers of Jesus.

7. While he was suffering on the cross, Jesus was mocked by people who passed by and by the chief priests, scribes and elders. Matthew states that he was also reviled by the robbers who were crucified with him (v. 44).

8. The cosmic implications of Jesus’ death are indicated by three hours of darkness because Jesus, the Light of the world, is the one who called light into being at the beginning. There was a violent earthquake because the whole creation trembled. The Temple veil split from top to bottom because the Lord Jesus Christ is the new Temple and our access to God the Father. Many who believed and trusted God's promises concerning the coming of the Son of God rose from their graves because Jesus trampled down death by his death. These events, witnessed by the centurion and others, signify the new divine order.

9. A high-ranking Jew named Joseph asked Pilate's permission to bury Jesus' body in his own rock cut tomb. He is designated Joseph Ar-Mathea which means that he was of the Horite Hebrew ancestry and the clan of Matthew. It is likely that the author of Matthew' Gospel was one of his relatives. 

The Ar is a shortened Horus name, as is evident in the case of the Nabataean King Harithath IV who bears the Horus name. King Harithath is called King Aretas in 2 Corinthians 11:32. The Har/Ar affix designates a royal person or a venerable figure. Many historical rulers have such names, including Artaxerxes, Archelaos, Arshem, Artix, Areli, Araxes, Arviragus, a Jebusite named Araunah, and Arishen, a Horite Hebrew who ruled a territory in the central Zagros between 2400-2301 BC. Ariaramnes was the great uncle of Cyrus the Great. In the ancient world, Horus was regarded as the patron of kings and priests. Joseph Ar-Mathea, was a high-ranking ruler-priest and a member of the Sanhedrin. He had sufficient political clout to petition Pilate for the release of Jesus’ body so he could be buried in the sepulcher that Joseph had excavated for himself.

10. The Jewish authorities knew that Jesus had foretold his third day resurrection, and they feared that Jesus' followers would take away his body and claim that he had risen from the dead. That is why they wanted the tomb sealed and guarded.

Join us next week as we begin to wrap up our study of Matthew's Gospel. A blessed Resurrection Sunday (Easter or Pasca) to all our readers!

If you are just now joining this study, you will find links to the previous lessons below. 

Why the Name Jesus?
Matthew Chapter 1: A Closer Look
Matthew Chapter 2: The Magi Worship the Christ and Defy Herod
Matthew Chapter 3: Jesus and John Fulfill Righteousness
Matthew Chapter 4: Jesus Exposes the Devil's Tactics
Matthew Chapter 5: Jesus Teaches with Superior Authority
Matthew Chapter 6: True Kingdom Seekers
Matthew Chapter 7: Entering by the Narrow Gate
Matthew Chapter 8: The Uniqueness of Jesus
Matthew Chapter 9: Christ the Compassionate Lord
Matthew Chapter 10: The Apostles' High Calling
Matthew Chapter 11: The Messiah Brings Relief
Matthew Chapter 12: Greater Glory Resides in Jesus
Matthew Chapter 13: Perceive His Kingdom Coming
Matthew Chapter 14: Christ Rules Over Nature
Matthew Chapter 15: The Power of Persistent Faith
Matthew Chapter 16: Preparing for the End
Matthew Chapter 17: Behold the Glory of the Son of God!
Matthew Chapter 18: Living as a Child of God
Matthew Chapter 19: The Demands and Rewards of Righteousness
Matthew Chapter 20: The Parable of the Laborers
Matthew Chapter 21: The Corner Stone Rejected
Matthew Chapter 22: The Parable of the Wedding Feast
Matthew Chapter 23: Woe to False Religious Leaders!
Matthew Chapter 24: Learning to Read the Signs
Matthew Chapter 25: Working While We Wait for Christ's Return
Matthew Chapter 26:  Jesus Betrayed and Arrested

Working While We Wait for Christ's Return

 

Sheep and Goats

Basilica di Sant’Apollinare Nuovo, Ravenna, Italy

Welcome to this weekly study of Matthew's Gospel, a collaboration between Mary Barmore and Alice C. Linsley. To prepare, read Matthew chapter 25. When you have finished, answer the 8 questions. Scroll to the bottom to check your answers.


Introduction

Matthew 25 is a continuation of the Olivet Discourse that begins in Matthew 24. This chapter contains three parables that illustrate the necessity of being ready for the Lord's return. They are the parable of the Ten Virgins, the parable of the Talents, and the parable of the Sheep and the Goats. While waiting for Jesus' return, his followers are to be faithful stewards of what he has given us, active in ministry, especially to "the least of these", and aware that some among us are not of Christ's sheep fold.

Questions

1. What does the Parable of the Ten Virgins/Maidens illustrate about the Kingdom of God?

2. Why is Jesus described as a bridegroom?

3. What does the Parable of the Talents teach about the Kingdom of God?

4. What principle of stewardship is emphasized in this Parable of the Talents? 

5. Who will be with Jesus when he returns?

6. After the sheep and goats are separated, Christ commends those at his right hand. For what actions are they commended?

7. What fate awaits those at Christ's left hand at the time of the Judgement?

8. The description of Christ's return speaks of his enthronement. Who will be gathered before the throne?

Answers

1. The Parable of the Ten Virgins illustrates that the Kingdom of God requires steadfast resolve and spiritual readiness because the timing of Jesus’ return is unknown. It highlights that Christians must be proactive, not slothful or spiritually lazy. We cannot lend to others what they have cared so little to acquire. The parable reminds us that our preparation ends when the bridegroom arrives for the wedding feast, a time of celebration.

2. In the Bible, marriage is often used to describe the relationship of God to his people. When Jesus describes himself as the bridegroom, he is speaking of the unique covenant relationship that He has with the Church. That same covenant relationship was offered to the people of Israel, many of whom expressed faith in Jesus as the Messiah, and the Son of God.

3. The Parable of the Talents speaks of how God provides resources to his servants. It illustrates the profound nature of our responsibility to be good stewards of those resources. The slothful servant lived in fear of his Master. His relationship to the Master was not one of love and devotion. Therefore, that servant is to be cast into the outer darkness (v. 30).

4. The Parable of the Talents emphasizes that those who use their spiritual gifts and resources faithfully will receive an abundance, while those who do not will lose what they have. This was expressed in Matthew 13:12 where Jesus stated that "whoever has will be given more". An analogy can be made in reference to the human body. A muscle that is not used will atrophy. 

5. Jesus stated that he would come with all the angels. The appearance of "all the angels" at Christ's second coming testifies to his absolute victory. Matthew 16:27 says that "the Son of man shall come in the glory of his Father with his angels; and then he shall reward every man according to his works." 2 Thessalonians 1:7 describes how Christ will appear from heaven with "mighty angels" in flaming fire. In Revelation, Christ returns with angels and the armies of heaven to judge the world and to reign. 

   

Throughout Jesus' life, his identity as the incarnate Son of God was proven by the appearance of angels. The Angel Gabriel appeared to Mary to announce the conception of Jesus by divine overshadowing (Luke 1:35). A host of angels appeared to the shepherds of Bethlehem to announce the birth of Jesus. Angels ministered to Jesus after his time of fasting and temptation in the wilderness. In Matthew 26:53 Jesus speaks of how the Father could send more than twelve legions of angels to deliver him. 

6. Jesus commends those at his right hand (the sheep) for their acts of compassion toward the "least of these", for feeding the hungry, giving drink to the thirsty, welcoming strangers, clothing the naked, and visiting the sick and imprisoned. These actions are in the service of Christ Himself. They testify to the faithfulness of those servants.

7. At the final Judgement those at Christ's left hand (the goats) are separated from God and destined for the "everlasting fire prepared for the devil and his angels". They are described as "cursed" because their lives produced no fruits of righteousness.

8. All the nations will appear before the throne of judgement because Christ's rule is universal. His authority is over every authority and over every individual. All will be held personally accountable for what they have done with the life God gave them.

Join us next week as we continue our study of Matthew's Gospel. A blessed Palm Sunday to all our readers!

If you are just now joining this study, you will find links to the previous lessons below.

Why the Name Jesus?
Matthew Chapter 1: A Closer Look
Matthew Chapter 2: The Magi Worship the Christ and Defy Herod
Matthew Chapter 3: Jesus and John Fulfill Righteousness
Matthew Chapter 4: Jesus Exposes the Devil's Tactics
Matthew Chapter 5: Jesus Teaches with Superior Authority
Matthew Chapter 6: True Kingdom Seekers
Matthew Chapter 7: Entering by the Narrow Gate
Matthew Chapter 8: The Uniqueness of Jesus
Matthew Chapter 9: Christ the Compassionate Lord
Matthew Chapter 10: The Apostles' High Calling
Matthew Chapter 11: The Messiah Brings Relief
Matthew Chapter 12: Greater Glory Resides in Jesus
Matthew Chapter 13: Perceive His Kingdom Coming
Matthew Chapter 14: Christ Rules Over Nature
Matthew Chapter 15: The Power of Persistent Faith
Matthew Chapter 16: Preparing for the End
Matthew Chapter 17: Behold the Glory of the Son of God!
Matthew Chapter 18: Living as a Child of God
Matthew Chapter 19: The Demands and Rewards of Righteousness
Matthew Chapter 20: The Parable of the Laborers
Matthew Chapter 21: The Corner Stone Rejected
Matthew Chapter 22: The Parable of the Wedding Feast

Matthew Chapter 23: Woe to False Religious Leaders!

Matthew Chapter 24: Learning to Read the Signs

Learning to Read the Signs

 

Icon of the Final Judgement "written" by Fr Luke Dingman.

Welcome to this study of Matthew's Gospel, a collaboration between Mary Barmore and Alice C. Linsley. To prepare, read Matthew chapter 24. When you have finished, answer the 10 questions. Scroll to the bottom to check your answers.


Introduction

Matthew 24 is a controversial passage because it lends itself to two errors: the Futurist and the Preterist errors. According to the former, the events described by Jesus in this chapter will happen in the future. According to the Preterist view, the events described in this chapter have already happened. 

Jesus predicts the destruction of the Jerusalem Temple after his disciples point out the grandeur of its buildings. When asked by his disciples about the end times, Jesus says that the signs of the close of the age include famines, earthquakes, wars, persecution, and false prophets. He urges them to be faithful in the time of persecution. He tells them to be watchful for his return because no one knows the hour of his coming. This is part of the "Mount of Olives Discourse" which continues in Matthew 25. (Also see Mark 13 and Luke 21.)

Questions

1. In this Olivet Discourse, what was the first warning given by Jesus to his disciples?

2. Jesus described the time of trouble as the "beginning of birth pangs". What does this metaphor indicate about the events that were to come?

3. Some of the signs of the end were experienced by the people of Jesus' time. What statement of Jesus in the chapter makes this obvious? 

4. What signs did Jesus describe as coming before the Son of man appears in heaven with power and great glory?

5. What makes this chapter so controversial?

6. What did Jesus say about the day and hour of his second coming?

7. Jesus warned that many false prophets will arise and lead people astray. (v 11).  How might his be accomplished in this age of technology?

8. Jesus cursed a fig tree that did not have fruit (Matt. 21). The fruitless tree symbolizes the hypocrisy and spiritual barrenness of the religious leaders in Jerusalem. What does the fig tree represent in this chapter?

9. To what biblical event did Jesus refer when he warned of the Day of Judgement?

10. This chapter ends with a parable that contrasts two servants. In what ways are the servants different?

Answers

1. In this discourse, Jesus' first warning to his disciples was to beware that no one leads them astray.

2. Some Bibles use the phrase the "beginning of sorrows" instead of the "beginning of birth pangs". This indicates that trials and tribulations will increase in frequency and intensity, like labor pains, leading up to Christ's second coming.

3. In Matthew 24:34 Jesus states that "this generation shall not pass away till all these things take place." A "generation" in the Bible is 40 years. In less than 40 years from the time of Jesus' death and resurrection the Temple was destroyed by the Romans and Jerusalem was under siege. Jesus warns those living in Judea to immediately flee to the mountains. He tells his listeners to pray that they will not have to flee in winter. 

4. Before the Son of man appears in heaven with power and great glory, the sun will be darkened. As a result, the moon will not reflect the sun's light (refulgence) and will appear dark. Stars will fall from heaven. In earth's history, the sun has been darkened before. This can happen when a massive meteorite slams into the earth spreading an immense dust cloud or when a huge volcano spews vast amounts of ash and sulfur dioxide into the stratosphere. Another possible cause is what is called "nuclear winter".

5. Matthew 24 is one of the most controversial passages of the New Testament because it lends itself to two errors. According to the Futurist view, the events described by Jesus in this chapter will happen in the future. Dispensationalists stress this view in their end times scenarios, including a seven-year tribulation, the global rise of the Antichrist, the so-called Rapture, and the second coming of Jesus. According to the opposite error, the Preterist view, the events described in this chapter have already happened. A more accurate understanding of this chapter recognizes that the disciples asked Jesus two distinct questions: first, in relationship to their calling attention to the Temple, when will the Temple be destroyed? Many who were alive in Jesus' time lived to see that happen in 70 A.D.. And the second question: what will be the sign of the end of the age? That is a future event.

6. Jesus said that no one knows the day and hour of his second coming, not even the angels or himself, but only his heavenly Father.

7. The misuse of Artificial Intelligence (AI) can include false images and false information presented in a very compelling way. Social media platforms with an agenda can circulate fake news. Media outlets can narrate events according to the bias of those who support them financially. There are many ways that we can be deceived. People who are not grounded in the truth of the Gospel will be led astray.

8. In the Olivet Discourse, Jesus used the fig tree to speak of the natural progression of events. People recognize that summer is approaching when the branch becomes tender and puts out leaves. Jesus used the fig tree to urge his followers to be observant of the signs of his return and the coming Day of Judgement. His disciples would remember the incident of the fig tree that withered after Jesus cursed it. (Imprecatory declarations are sometimes called "curses".) When Jesus cursed that fig tree, he was declaring judgement upon the faithless religious leaders. He could do this because he had divine authority.

9. Jesus referred to the time of Noah who heeded the warning when most of the people around him did not. Noah was busy preparing while others went about their lives as if nothing was going to change.

10. The servant set over the Master's household is described as faithful. He sees that the members of the household are fed at the proper times. The other servant is described as wicked and a drunkard. Though he serves in the Master's house, he will be cast out and will share the same fate as the hypocrites.

Join us as we approach the final chapters of Matthew's Gospel. We come to the betrayal of Jesus, his arrest, trial, crucifixion, and third day resurrection as we approach Holy Week and Easter.

If you are just now joining this study, you will find links to the previous lessons below.

Why the Name Jesus?
Matthew Chapter 1: A Closer Look
Matthew Chapter 2: The Magi Worship the Christ and Defy Herod
Matthew Chapter 3: Jesus and John Fulfill Righteousness
Matthew Chapter 4: Jesus Exposes the Devil's Tactics
Matthew Chapter 5: Jesus Teaches with Superior Authority
Matthew Chapter 6: True Kingdom Seekers
Matthew Chapter 7: Entering by the Narrow Gate
Matthew Chapter 8: The Uniqueness of Jesus
Matthew Chapter 9: Christ the Compassionate Lord
Matthew Chapter 10: The Apostles' High Calling
Matthew Chapter 11: The Messiah Brings Relief
Matthew Chapter 12: Greater Glory Resides in Jesus
Matthew Chapter 13: Perceive His Kingdom Coming
Matthew Chapter 14: Christ Rules Over Nature
Matthew Chapter 15: The Power of Persistent Faith
Matthew Chapter 16: Preparing for the End
Matthew Chapter 17: Behold the Glory of the Son of God!
Matthew Chapter 18: Living as a Child of God
Matthew Chapter 19: The Demands and Rewards of Righteousness
Matthew Chapter 20: The Parable of the Laborers
Matthew Chapter 21: The Corner Stone Rejected
Matthew Chapter 22: The Parable of the Wedding Feast

Matthew Chapter 23: Woe to False Religious Leaders!

Woe to False Religious Leaders!

 

Jesus Christ is the very embodiment of divine love and grace. One way he showed that was to call out the falsehoods of his day. This meant condemning religious leaders who burdened the people with rules that even they did not follow.

Welcome to this study of Matthew's Gospel, a collaboration between Mary Barmore and Alice C. Linsley. To prepare, read Matthew chapter 23. When you have finished, answer the 10 questions. Scroll to the bottom to check your answers.

Introduction

In Matthew chapter 23 Jesus condemns the scribes and Pharisees for their hypocrisy, spiritual pride, corruption, and legalism. He pronounces seven "woes" or imprecatory declarations against them and describes them as "whitewashed tombs" and a "brood of vipers". (The King James Version adds another woe, bringing the total number of woes to eight.) Jesus warns against seeking titles and emphasizes service with humility. The chapter concludes with Jesus' lament over Jerusalem for killing the prophets.

Questions

1. Did Jesus recognize that the scribes and the Pharisees had authority?

2. Why did Jesus tell his followers to call no man "father" and not to be called "masters"?

3. What is meant by "imprecatory declarations"?

4. What behavior does Jesus describe in the first woe?

5. Many Bibles omit verse 14 which appears in the King James Version (Authorized Version). For what behavior does Jesus condemn the scribes and Pharisees in verse 14 of the KJV?

6. What did Jesus say about the Pharisees' vigorous effort to convert Gentiles to their form of Judaism?

7. What actions did Jesus call attention to that indicate the hypocrisy of some of the religious leaders?

8. What analogy did Jesus use to describe the spiritual condition of the hypocritical scribes and Pharisees?

9. In what way did the hypocritical religious leaders witness against themselves?

10. What final words of condemnation are found in this chapter? (vv. 34-39)

Answers

1. Yes. When Jesus said the scribes and Pharisees sit on "Moses' seat" (v. 2), he acknowledged that they held official authority to interpret and teach the Mosaic Law. But he commanded his followers not to emulate their actions because they did not practice what they preached. 

2. Jesus told his followers not to call any man on earth "father" to emphasize that spiritual authority belongs to God the Father. All true authority comes from Him. Nor were his followers to be called "master" as the religious leaders demanded, because they were obsessed with titles of honor. Jesus' followers are to be humble, remembering that whoever exalts himself shall be humbled (v. 12).

3. Jesus used imprecatory language which exposes falsehood and invokes divine judgment. He words focused on divine justice rather than personal vengeance. Examples include pronouncing "woes" upon hypocritical religious leaders in Matthew 23 and in Luke 6:26 - "Woe to you, when all people speak well of you, for so their fathers did to the false prophets." The Psalms contain many imprecatory prayers. Psalm 5:10 is an example: "Declare them guilty, O God! Let their intrigues be their downfall. Banish them for their many sins..."

4.The woes in Matthew 23 are strong judgments against the scribes and Pharisees for their hypocrisy, spiritual blindness, and corruption. The first woe condemns the leaders for blocking the way to the heavenly kingdom by not entering themselves and by keeping others from entering.

5. In the King James Version, Jesus declares, "Woe unto you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! for ye devour widows' houses, and for a pretense make long prayer: therefore ye shall receive the greater damnation." Jesus condemned the religious leaders who took advantage of legal or financial situations to rob widows of their homes or property through excessive fees or coerced donations.

6. First-century Pharisees were eager to make converts. They actively made proselytes by encouraging Gentiles to adopt Jewish customs, laws, and worship. This effort included voluntary circumcision of Gentile men and baptism, though during the Hasmonean era (141–37 BC) some forced conversions of Gentiles in Judea took place. Jesus said that the converts were more zealous than the Pharisees in pursuing a false piety. He described the converts as "twice as much a child of hell as yourselves".

7.  Jesus said that the religious leaders were more concerned about ritual purity than about righteous living. He noted that they tithe but neglect justice, mercy and faith. They swear oaths without understanding the true nature of holy things. Gold is not holy, but the Temple is holy. The offerings on the altar are not holy, but the altar is holy.

8. Jesus described their spiritual condition as being like white-washed tombs full of dead people but attempting to appear righteous to the world.

9. Jesus said that the faithless religious leaders witness against themselves by claiming that they would not have killed the prophets as their fathers did in the past. Jesus reminds them that they are the sons of those who murdered the prophets.

10. The chapter ends with Jesus declaring that all the righteous blood shed on earth may come upon the false religious leaders. He yearned for them to come to him, but they rejected him and the result is that their house is forsaken and desolate. This is prophetic because in less than 40 years Jerusalem and the Temple were destroyed by the Romans.

If you are just now joining this study, you will find links to the previous lessons below. Join us next week as we continue our study of Matthew's Gospel.

Why the Name Jesus?
Matthew Chapter 1: A Closer Look
Matthew Chapter 2: The Magi Worship the Christ and Defy Herod
Matthew Chapter 3: Jesus and John Fulfill Righteousness
Matthew Chapter 4: Jesus Exposes the Devil's Tactics
Matthew Chapter 5: Jesus Teaches with Superior Authority
Matthew Chapter 6: True Kingdom Seekers
Matthew Chapter 7: Entering by the Narrow Gate
Matthew Chapter 8: The Uniqueness of Jesus
Matthew Chapter 9: Christ the Compassionate Lord
Matthew Chapter 10: The Apostles' High Calling
Matthew Chapter 11: The Messiah Brings Relief
Matthew Chapter 12: Greater Glory Resides in Jesus
Matthew Chapter 13: Perceive His Kingdom Coming
Matthew Chapter 14: Christ Rules Over Nature
Matthew Chapter 15: The Power of Persistent Faith
Matthew Chapter 16: Preparing for the End
Matthew Chapter 17: Behold the Glory of the Son of God!
Matthew Chapter 18: Living as a Child of God
Matthew Chapter 19: The Demands and Rewards of Righteousness
Matthew Chapter 20: The Parable of the Laborers
Matthew Chapter 21: The Corner Stone Rejected

Matthew Chapter 22: The Parable of the Wedding Feast

The Parable of the Wedding Feast

 

Welcome to this study of Matthew's Gospel, a collaboration between Mary Barmore and Alice C. Linsley. To prepare, read Matthew chapter 22. When you have finished, answer the 10 questions. Scroll to the bottom to check your answers.

Introduction

In Matthew 22 Jesus describes the Kingdom of God as a wedding banquet that a king prepares for his son. The parable of the Wedding Feast emphasizes that many are called to God’s kingdom, but few are chosen. The initial guests fail to accept the king's invitation and are replaced by those who respond to the invitation. Those without the wedding garment are cast into the outer darkness. The Pharisees, Sadducees, and Herodians sought to trap Jesus on taxes, the resurrection, and the greatest commandment, but Jesus understood their intention and foiled their attempts through his divine wisdom. 

Questions

1. In the Parable of the Wedding Feast, who are the first guests to be invited?

2. In the parable, the king's servants are abused and killed. How does the king respond?

3. After the first people rejected the invitation, what did the king order his servants to do?

4. What does the wedding garment represent?

5. What did the Pharisees hope to accomplish when they questioned him about paying taxes to Rome?

6. Jesus told the people to "render unto Caesar" what belongs to Ceasar, and to God the things that are God's. How did the people react to Jesus' statement? (v. 22)

7. The Sadducees rejected belief in the resurrection of the dead. Attempting to trap Jesus, they challenged him with a question about the resurrection. What Jewish marriage custom does their question involve?

8. A lawyer asked Jesus which is the greatest commandment. How did Jesus answer?

9. David was inspired to call the coming Messiah "Lord". What does this imply about the Messiah?

10. Jesus asked the Pharisees a question they couldn't answer. What did he ask?

Answers

1. The original invited guests represent Israel's religious leaders. Some Jews did believe and become Jesus' disciples, including the religious leaders Nicodemus, Joseph of Arimathea, and James the Just. Joseph of Arimathea was a prominent council member who was waiting for the kingdom of God. James the Just was one of Jesus' half-brothers. He became the first bishop of the Jerusalem church.

2. When the king's messengers were killed, the king sent his troops to destroy the murderers. The messengers were the Apostles, and their suffering and death foretold the persecution of early Christians.

3. The king ordered his servants to extend the invitation to everyone, regardless of their status or spiritual condition. God offers salvation to all through the work of his son Jesus Christ.

4. The wedding garment represents faith, purity, and holiness. Only those with such garments are ready for the marriage supper of the Lamb. In Romans 13:14, the Apostle Paul urges the Christians in Rome to "put on Christ", that is, to daily clothe oneself in the righteousness of Jesus. Revelation chapter 7 describes a great multitude of people dressed in white robes. These robes were washed in the blood of the Lamb. The white-robed saints represent every tribe, nation and language.

5. The Pharisees attempted to trap Jesus. If Jesus approved paying the taxes to Rome, he would offend those who opposed Roman control of their land. If he disapproved of paying the taxes, the Roman authorities could arrest him for sedition. By stating that the coin bears Caesar's image and belongs to him, Jesus avoided the trap and highlighted the need to fulfill both civic and divine duties. Earlier, Jesus paid the Temple tax for himself and for Peter (Matt. 17:24-27).

6. When the people heard how Jesus answered, they marveled. Jesus' challengers were astonished by his wisdom. They stopped and went away.

7. When a Jewish man died without a son to continue his line and inheritance, the widow was married to one of the deceased man's brothers. This "levirate marriage" was intended to produce a son who would be heir to the deceased husband. The Sadducees took this to an absurd extreme by speaking of 7 brothers and asking whose wife she would be in the resurrection. For more on this, see BIBLICAL ANTHROPOLOGY: Early Resurrection Texts.

8. The lawyer wanted Jesus to designate the First Commandment as the greatest, but Jesus made it clear that the First and the Second cannot be separated.

9. By calling the Messiah "Lord" David acknowledged that the Christ existed before him. This shows that Jesus is more than just a human descendant of David. The Nicene Creed (325 A.D.) affirms that Jesus Christ is not a created being, but has eternally existed as God from God, "begotten, not made," and is one in being with the Father. This counters the Arian heresy which argues that Christ was a created being.

10. Jesus asked them what they thought of the Christ, the Messiah. Whose son is he? They responded the "son of David" to which Jesus asked them how David could refer to the Lord as his son. This is a reference to Psalm 110:1- "The LORD says to my lord: 'Sit at my right hand until I make your enemies a footstool for your feet'". This messianic prophecy concerns the Messiah's supreme authority over all enemies. It was a key belief of the early Hebrew (4000-2000 BC) and predates the writing of the Psalms. Consider how Horus, the archetype of Christ, describes himself in passage 148 of the Coffin texts: "I am Horus, the great Falcon upon the ramparts of the house of him of the hidden name. My flight has reached the horizon. I have passed by the gods of Nut. I have gone further than the gods of old. Even the most ancient bird could not equal my very first flight. I have removed my place beyond the powers of Set, the foe of my father Osiris. No other god could do what I have done. I have brought the ways of eternity to the twilight of the morning. I am unique in my flight. My wrath will be turned against the enemy of my father Osiris and I will put him beneath my feet in my name of Red Cloak." (Myth and Symbol in Ancient Egypt by R.T. Rundle Clark, p. 216) For more on this, see The Substance of Abraham's Faith.

If you are just now joining this study, you will find links to the previous lessons below. Join us next week as we continue our study of Matthew's Gospel.

Why the Name Jesus?
Matthew Chapter 1: A Closer Look
Matthew Chapter 2: The Magi Worship the Christ and Defy Herod
Matthew Chapter 3: Jesus and John Fulfill Righteousness
Matthew Chapter 4: Jesus Exposes the Devil's Tactics
Matthew Chapter 5: Jesus Teaches with Superior Authority
Matthew Chapter 6: True Kingdom Seekers
Matthew Chapter 7: Entering by the Narrow Gate
Matthew Chapter 8: The Uniqueness of Jesus
Matthew Chapter 9: Christ the Compassionate Lord
Matthew Chapter 10: The Apostles' High Calling
Matthew Chapter 11: The Messiah Brings Relief
Matthew Chapter 12: Greater Glory Resides in Jesus
Matthew Chapter 13: Perceive His Kingdom Coming
Matthew Chapter 14: Christ Rules Over Nature
Matthew Chapter 15: The Power of Persistent Faith
Matthew Chapter 16: Preparing for the End
Matthew Chapter 17: Behold the Glory of the Son of God!
Matthew Chapter 18: Living as a Child of God
Matthew Chapter 19: The Demands and Rewards of Righteousness
Matthew Chapter 20: The Parable of the Laborers

Matthew Chapter 21: The Corner Stone Rejected

Preparing for the End

 

Welcome to this study of Matthew's Gospel, a collaborative effort between Mary Barmore and Dr. Alice C. Linsley.

For 9 months Mary Barmore was too sick to leave her bed. During those months, she read the New Testament for the first time and took notes on each of the books. This dramatically changed Mary's life. Before you begin this unique study of Matthew, read Mary's Testimony.

For this study, we use Mary's study notes and Alice adds notes of historical and anthropological relevance.

To prepare for this week's study, read Matthew chapter 16. When you have finished, answer the 10 questions. Scroll to the bottom to check your answers.

Introduction

The Pharisees and Scribes became hostile to Jesus. They asked him for a sign. Jesus told them that no sign would be given them except the sign of Jonah. Then he and his disciples departed from them.

Jesus warned his disciples about the false teachings of the Pharisees and Sadducees.

At Caesaria Philippi Jesus asked the disciples, "Who do men say that the Son of Man is?" Their responses reflect the speculation of the Jewish people about Jesus' identity. Jesus then made the question more personal: "Who do you say that I am?" Simon blurted out: "You are the Christ, the Son of the living God." Jesus then gave Simon a new name, Peter, and said that his church will be built upon the rock of Peter's confession of faith.

From this time, Jesus began to prepare his disciples for his impending arrest and death. He rebuked Peter when Peter said that this would never happen. Jesus went on to explain that the disciples can follow him only if they deny themselves and take up the cross.

The chapter closes with Jesus' statements about the coming judgement and the dawning of his kingdom. The message is clear: Jesus knew his time on earth was nearing an end and he wanted to prepare his disciples. His words serve as a warning to us also that we are to prepare for the end of this world.

Questions

1. Jesus noted that the Pharisees and Scribes recognized signs in nature, but not the signs of the times. Why are many people unable to see the signs of the times even today?

2. How does the story of Jonah relate to Jesus?

3. As usual, the disciples were preoccupied with food (bread). What message did Jesus deliver to redirect their focus?

4. How are false teachings like leaven?
 
5. Why did Jesus ask what people were saying about him?

6. What did Simon bar Jonah declare about Jesus?

7. What is the significance of the new name that Jesus gave to Simon?

8. How is the confession of faith in Jesus as the Christ (Messiah, Son of God) like a rock?

9. What did Peter not grasp about the Messiah?

10. How did Jesus describe his coming again, and what is meant by the claim that "there are some standing here who will not taste death before they see the Son of man come into his kingdom"?

Answers

1. In Christian eschatology (theology of the end times), the phrase "signs of the times" refers to significant world events that biblical texts describe as signs of the fulfillment of Christ's mission on earth. Such signs encourage preparedness before the Second Coming of Jesus Christ. People who do not read the Bible and do not believe that Jesus is the Son of God will not perceive the signs.

2. The story of Jonah relates to Jesus who was 3 days in the tomb before he rose from the grave. Likewise, Jonah was in the belly of the great fish for 3 days before God delivered him from the depths.

3. Jesus chastised the disciples for their preoccupation with food. He reminds them of how he miraculously fed the crowds. Then he redirected their thinking by warning them about the leaven (teachings) of the Pharisees and the Sadducees, the 2 largest factions within Judaism at that time. The Pharisees taught strict adherence to the Law (legalism), and the Sadducees rejected belief in bodily resurrection. Yet the disciples were witnesses to 3 incidents of Jesus raising people from the dead: Jairus' daughter, the son of the widow of Nain, and Lazarus.

4. False teachings are like leaven because a small amount can spread and corrupt an entire group, just as a small amount of yeast makes a whole batch of dough rise. This analogy would have been familiar to the disciples because bread was the main staple of the daily diet for ordinary people. The Hebrew word for bread is lechem  לֶחֶם  and it essentially meant food.

5. Jesus asked what people were saying about him to challenge his disciples to move beyond popular opinion, and to prompt them to recognize his true identity as the Messiah and the Son of God.

6. Simon declared that Jesus is "the Christ, the son of the living God" and Jesus explained that this was revealed to Simon by the Holy Spirit.

7. In the Bible when a person's spiritual life reaches a turning point, God gives them a new name. Abram became Abraham. Jacob became Israel. Simon bar Jonah means that Peter was a son of a man named Jonah. It is the Hebrew patronymic for Simon Peter. A patronymic is a personal name based on the given name of one's father or a famous male ancestor. These names are identified by the Hebrew word bar or the Aramaic word ben, both meaning son or male descendant. In Numbers 13, Caleb is designated Kalev ben Jephunneh. 1 Chronicles 2:19 identifies Hur as a son (ben) of Kalev (Caleb). Patronymic names are common in the Bible. (See Hebrew Names and Titles.) Some believe that all who are in Christ receive a new name that is written in the Book of Life mentioned in Revelation 20:15.

8. Rocks are hard and durable and they resist pressure. They provide solid foundations and stability to structures. The name Peter is derived from the Greek word petra, meaning stone or rock. The faith declared by Peter through the agency of the Holy Spirit is the solid foundation of the Church.

9. Even after all that Peter had seen and done, he still did not understand that the Son of God would have to die and rise in order to fulfill God's plan. Peter had seen Jesus deliver to him a great catch of fish (Luke 5). He had seen Jesus walk on water and even walked there himself. He had witnessed how Jesus miraculously fed great crowds. He had observed Jesus' power to heal every infirmity and his authority over demons. Even so, Peter did not understand that the Messiah, the Son of God, was to die and rise again to gain the ultimate victory over sin and death. His view of the Messiah was too small.

10. Jesus said he will come again in glory with his angels to repay every person for their deeds. He also said that some who heard him say this would not taste death before they see the Son of man coming in his kingdom. Since all who were there died before Jesus' return, this refers to Jesus' victory over sin and death through the cross and the resurrection. From the moment He rose from the dead, Jesus came into his kingdom. However, the day of judgement is yet to come.

If you are just now joining this study, welcome! Between 600 and 800 people have joined us. If you wish to catch up, you will find links to the previous lessons below.

Join us next week as we continue our study of Matthew's Gospel.

Why the Name Jesus?
Matthew Chapter 1: A Closer Look
Matthew Chapter 2: The Magi Worship the Christ and Defy Herod
Matthew Chapter 3: Jesus and John Fulfill All Righteousness
Matthew Chapter 4: Jesus Exposes the Devil's Tactics
Matthew Chapter 5: Jesus Teaches with Superior Authority
Matthew Chapter 6: True Kingdom Seekers
Matthew Chapter 7: Entering by the Narrow Gate
Matthew Chapter 8: The Uniqueness of Jesus
Matthew Chapter 9: Christ the Compassionate Lord
Matthew Chapter 10: The Apostles' High Calling
Matthew Chapter 11: The Messiah Brings Relief
Matthew Chapter 12: Greater Glory Resides in Jesus
Matthew Chapter 13: Perceive His Kingdom Coming
Matthew Chapter 14: Christ Rules Over Nature

Matthew Chapter 15: The Power of Persistent Faith