The Demands and Rewards of Righteousness

 

Sadhu Sundar Singh was an Indian Christian (1889 – 1929)

Welcome to this study of Matthew's Gospel, a collaboration between Mary Barmore and Dr. Alice C. Linsley. For this study, we use Mary's study notes and Alice's notes of historical and anthropological relevance.

To prepare, read Matthew chapter 19. When you have finished, answer the 8 questions. Scroll to the bottom to check your answers.


Introduction

In Matthew 19 we read that Jesus left Galilee and went south to Judea where he healed many and taught about righteousness. His teachings touch on the sanctity of marriage, divorce, welcoming and blessing children, the dangers of love of wealth, the necessity of humility, and the future rewards awaiting the 12 Apostles. The chapter emphasizes that entry into the Kingdom requires righteousness that often involves sacrifice and giving up earthly wealth and social relationships.

Questions

1. What motivated the Pharisees to ask Jesus about divorce?

2. What did Jesus say about Moses and divorce?

3. How did Jesus react when the disciples tried to turn away the children who were brought to him?

4. What did Jesus teach about sexual self-denial?

5. A rich young man sought eternal life. What stood in the man's way, according to Jesus?

6. How did Peter respond to Jesus' statement about complete dependence on God rather than on one's wealth or accomplishments?

7. Jesus answered Peter's question about rewards. What did he say? 

8. What did Jesus mean when he said that "the first will be last and the last will be first" in the Kingdom?

Answers

1. Pharisees hoped to trap Jesus. However, they failed. Jesus replied that God intends marriage to be a lifelong union, stating "what God has joined together, let no one separate". He allows divorce only in cases of sexual infidelity and designates marriage of convenience after divorce as adultery.

2. Jesus said that Moses allowed divorce because of the hardness of men's hearts. In the time of Moses (c. 1480-1500 BC) only men could petition for divorce. For some men, there was no just cause for the divorce. It was a matter of lusting after another woman. Hebrew women were aware of this possibility. They wore their wealth in the form of gold jewelry so that they would have financial resources in the event of divorce. Their jewelry served as more than ornamentation. It was a form of portable, personal wealth and security in the event of divorce or widowhood.

3. When the disciples try to turn away the children, Jesus rebuked them, stating that "the kingdom of heaven belongs to such as these". Then Jesus laid his hands on the children and blessed them.

4. Jesus taught that voluntary celibacy in the service of God's kingdom is honorable. He recognized that not all people can receive this message. Jesus mentions three types of eunuchs: those born that way, those who have been castrated, and those who choose to be "eunuchs for the sake of the kingdom of heaven". Deuteronomy 23:1 forbids physical eunuchs from entering the worship assembly of the Lord. This created a problem for some castrated Jewish leaders who returned from Babylonian captivity. Isaiah 56:3–5 promises that eunuchs who keep the Sabbath, please God, and hold to the covenant will be given "an everlasting name" that will not be cut off. Isaiah 56:5 states:

To the eunuchs who keep my Sabbaths, who choose what pleases me and hold fast to my covenant—
to them I will give within my temple and its walls
a memorial and a name
better than sons and daughters;
I will give them an everlasting name that will endure forever.

This speaks of God's compassion for his people.

5. The Rich Young Ruler asked what he could do to receive eternal life. He believed that there is some deed that can earn one a place in the Kingdom. Jesus did not argue theology with him. Instead, he pointed to the man's real problem. Jesus told the man to sell his possessions and follow him. However, the man's love of his possessions was an obstacle to following Jesus Christ. He went away sad. Jesus remarked that it is easier for a camel to pass through the eye of a needle than for a rich person to enter the Kingdom. 

6. The disciples asked who then could be saved, and Jesus answered, "With man this is impossible, but with God all things are possible". Peter said that he and the other disciples had left everything to follow Jesus. He wanted to know what reward he would receive.

7. Jesus spoke of a future reward when the twelve Apostles would sit on 12 thrones in the Kingdom. This is further described in Luke 22:30 and in the Book of Revelation. Revelation describes twelve thrones upon which the twelve Apostles will sit as righteous judges over the twelve tribes of Israel. Jesus' charge to the twelve Apostles set a standard of righteousness beyond what any person can reach in their own strength. The Apostles were to conform their lives to God's commands and to seek spiritual perfection. This requires putting on the righteousness imputed through Jesus Christ, a deep knowledge of Scripture, spiritual discernment, and evidence of the fruits of righteousness in their lives and ministries. Before their future reward, however, all of the Apostles would suffer persecution. Except for John, they all died as martyrs and John was exiled to Patmos.  

8. When Jesus said, "the first will be last and the last will be first" (verse 30), he was speaking about the value system of God's Kingdom. It is not like the earthly realm where people value status, wealth, seniority, and power. In the Kingdom of God true greatness is found in humility and righteous service. Jesus speaks of this reversal of values in Matthew 20:16, Mark 10:31, and Luke 13:30.

If you are just now joining this study, welcome! Between 600 and 800 people have joined us. If you wish to catch up, you will find links to the previous lessons below. Join us next week as we continue our study of Matthew's Gospel.

Why the Name Jesus?
Matthew Chapter 1: A Closer Look
Matthew Chapter 2: The Magi Worship the Christ and Defy Herod
Matthew Chapter 3: Jesus and John Fulfill Righteousness
Matthew Chapter 4: Jesus Exposes the Devil's Tactics
Matthew Chapter 5: Jesus Teaches with Superior Authority
Matthew Chapter 6: True Kingdom Seekers
Matthew Chapter 7: Entering by the Narrow Gate
Matthew Chapter 8: The Uniqueness of Jesus
Matthew Chapter 9: Christ the Compassionate Lord
Matthew Chapter 10: The Apostles' High Calling
Matthew Chapter 11: The Messiah Brings Relief
Matthew Chapter 12: Greater Glory Resides in Jesus
Matthew Chapter 13: Perceive His Kingdom Coming
Matthew Chapter 14: Christ Rules Over Nature
Matthew Chapter 15: The Power of Persistent Faith
Matthew Chapter 16: Preparing for the End
Matthew Chapter 17: Behold the Glory of the Son of God!
Matthew Chapter 18: Living as a Child of God

 

Living as a Child of God

 

Welcome to this study of Matthew's Gospel, a collaboration between Mary Barmore and Alice C. Linsley. For this study, we use Mary's study notes and Alice's notes of historical and anthropological relevance.

To prepare for this week's study, read Matthew chapter 18. When you have finished, answer the 10 questions. Scroll to the bottom to check your answers.


Introduction

Matthew18 summarizes Jesus' teachings on greatness in the Kingdom of Heaven, childlike humility, care for "little ones," how to handle conflict among the believers, stumbling blocks, the fate of those who cause a believer to go astray, and limitless forgiveness. Jesus warned against harming believers, noting that their guardian angels represent them before the Heavenly Father. Jesus taught by using parables. In this chapter we find the Parable of the Lost Sheep and the Parable of the Unforgiving Servant.

Questions

1. When the disciples asked about the greatest in the Kingdom, what did Jesus do?

2. To whom was Jesus referring when he spoke of "little ones"?

3. What warning did Jesus give to his disciples?

4. What did Jesus say about guardian angels?

5. What fate did Jesus describe for those who cause a believer to sin?

6. Why did Jesus use parables to teach?

7. One of Jesus' parables involved a servant who was forgiven an impossible debt. How did the servant repay the king's mercy?

8. What does the Parable of the Lost Sheep say about God's love for every member of his flock?

9. Jesus explains how conflict is to be handled among the believers. What steps are to be taken?

10. What lesson did Jesus give Peter about forgiveness?

Answers

1. To illustrate the greatest in the Kingdom of Heaven Jesus placed a child in their midst and said, "Whoever humbles himself like this child is the greatest in the kingdom of heaven." This is reiterated in Matthew 20:25-28 where Jesus explained, "You know that the rulers of the Gentiles lord it over them, and their great ones exercise authority over them. It shall not be so among you. But whoever would be great among you must be your servant, and whoever would be first among you must be your slave, even as the Son of Man came not to be served but to serve, and to give his life as a ransom for many.”

2. The "little ones" refer to those who have put their trust in Jesus, regardless of age. 

3. Jesus warned against causing their fellow believers to lose faith ("stumble") or sin. He recognized that some were more of his followers were more vulnerable, or less mature disciples.

4. Jesus affirmed the existence of guardian angels by stating that the angels of "little ones" (believers) behold the face of the Father in heaven. This suggests that angels are in constant, direct communion with God while also watching over and protecting believers. In the time of Jesus, Judaism taught that angels served as guardians for nations as well as for individuals.

5. Jesus said that the fate of someone who causes a believer ("little one") to sin is so severe that it would be better for the offender to have a large millstone hung around their neck and be drowned in the depths of the sea. Luke 17:1-2 similarly states that it is inevitable that stumbling blocks come but warns of severe consequences for those who cause them.

6. Jesus used parables to illustrate spiritual truths. In Matthew, chapter 13 Jesus explained to his disciples that he used parables to reveal the truths of the Kingdom of God to receptive followers while simultaneously concealing them from the hardhearted. The parables were stories to which the people could relate. They involved everyday activities such sowing seed, sweeping a house to find a lost coin, tending sheep, paying debts, and building a house, etc.

7. The servant owed a king 10,000 talents, an astronomical amount representing our sin against God. This servant's debt was forgiven by the king. The servant refused to show the same mercy to a peer, resulting in his judgment as a "wicked "servant whose pardon is revoked and who is cast into prison. There is no hope of escaping his punishment since he can never repay the great debt owed to the king.

8. God is not willing that a single one of his "little ones" should be lost. Jesus stated that no one can snatch His sheep out of His hand or the Father's hand (John 10:28-29).

9. Matthew 18:15-17 outlines four steps for handling conflict: (1) Address the sin privately with the person. (2) If ignored, bring one or two witnesses to confirm the facts. (3) Tell it to the church if the individual still refuses to listen. (4) If the person refuses to repent, treat that individual as an outsider (ex-communicate).

10. Jesus taught Peter that forgiveness should be limitless, continuous, and heart-felt. For the Believer forgiveness is a way of life. This does not mean that forgiving others is easy. Forgiveness involves releasing deep pain, anger, and a sense of injustice. It requires setting aside our pride, and natural desire self-protection.

If you are just now joining this study, welcome! Between 600 and 800 people have joined us. If you wish to catch up, you will find links to the previous lessons below. Join us next week as we continue our study of Matthew's Gospel.

Why the Name Jesus?
Matthew Chapter 1: A Closer Look
Matthew Chapter 2: The Magi Worship the Christ and Defy Herod
Matthew Chapter 3: Jesus and John Fulfill All Righteousness
Matthew Chapter 4: Jesus Exposes the Devil's Tactics
Matthew Chapter 5: Jesus Teaches with Superior Authority
Matthew Chapter 6: True Kingdom Seekers
Matthew Chapter 7: Entering by the Narrow Gate
Matthew Chapter 8: The Uniqueness of Jesus
Matthew Chapter 9: Christ the Compassionate Lord
Matthew Chapter 10: The Apostles' High Calling
Matthew Chapter 11: The Messiah Brings Relief
Matthew Chapter 12: Greater Glory Resides in Jesus
Matthew Chapter 13: Perceive His Kingdom Coming
Matthew Chapter 14: Christ Rules Over Nature
Matthew Chapter 15: The Power of Persistent Faith
Matthew Chapter 16: Preparing for the End
Matthew Chapter 17: Behold the Glory of the Son of God!

Behold the Glory of the Son of God!

 

"The Transfiguration" by Danish painter, Carl Bloch (1834-1890)

Welcome to this study of Matthew's Gospel, a collaboration between Mary Barmore and Alice C. Linsley. For this study, we use Mary's study notes and Alice's notes of historical and anthropological relevance.

To prepare for this week's study, read Matthew chapter 17. When you have finished, answer the 10 questions. Scroll to the bottom to check your answers.

Introduction

Matthew chapter 17 describes Jesus' transfiguration on a mountain which was witnessed by Peter, James, and John. In this moment, Jesus' glory and divinity was revealed to his closest disciples. Moses and Elijah appeared with Jesus, and God the Father declared Jesus to be His beloved Son. Jesus told the 3 disciples not to tell anyone what they had witnessed until after his resurrection. Jesus healed a demon-possessed boy after His disciples failed to do so. Finally, Jesus spoke again of His upcoming betrayal, death, and third day resurrection. Peter approached Jesus about the collection of the half-shekel Temple tax which he needed to pay. Jesus told Peter to go fish and Peter found a shekel in the mouth of the first fish he caught. This coin was used to pay the tax for both Peter and Jesus. The miracle of the shekel speaks of Jesus' compassionate provision for Peter and testifies to Jesus' divinity.

Questions

1. How did Jesus appear on the Mount of Transfiguration?

2. What did Peter, James and John have in common?

3. What is the significance of the appearance of Moses and Elijah on the Mount of Transfiguration?

4. What did Peter offer to do on the mountain, and why?

5. What happened while Peter was still speaking?

6. What was the reaction of Peter, James and John to the voice of the heavenly Father?

7. What did God the Father tell the 3 disciples?

8. What did Jesus do to reassure Peter, James and John?

9. What did the father of the suffering boy say to Jesus?

10. What specific information did Jesus give the disciples about his resurrection?

Answers

1. Jesus' face shone like the sun, and his clothes became radiant as white light.

2. They were Galileans, fishermen, and disciples of Jesus. They shared a close relationship as members of an intimate "inner circle" of Jesus. They testified to Jesus' divinity and his third day resurrection, and they all died as martyrs.

3. Moses represents the Law and Elijah represents the Prophets. Jesus is the fulfillment of the Law and the prophets. Matthew 5:17-20 states that Christ came to fulfill the Law. Jesus said, “Do not think that I have come to abolish the Law or the Prophets; I have not come to abolish them but to fulfill."

4. Peter offered to build 3 tabernacles, one for Jesus, one for Moses and one for Elijah. Peter hoped to enshrine that moment of glory and to honor them. He did not understand the temporary nature of the moment. The Hebrew word for tabernacle is mishkan (מִשְׁכַּן), and it refers to a dwelling place or shelter such as the portable tent that was constructed by the Israelites in the wilderness. 

5. While Peter was speaking a bright cloud overshadowed them and a voice from the cloud declared, "This is my beloved Son, with whom I am well pleased; listen to him."

6. When they heard the voice, they fell on their faces and were filled with awe. In that moment, the 3 disciples fell down in worship.

7. The Heavenly Father told Peter, James and John to listen to his Son. This indicates that the Father and his divine Son share equal authority.

8. Jesus touched them and told them not to be afraid. Coming down the mountain, Jesus told them not to tell anyone what they had witnessed until after his resurrection.

9. The father asked Jesus to heal his son. He explained that he had asked the disciples, but they could not heal him. Jesus chastised the disciples for their little faith.

10. Jesus told them that he would be raised on the third day. The phrases "three days" or "third day" appears 21 times in the accounts of Jesus' death and resurrection. Jesus knew the early Hebrew expectation of Messiah's resurrection. Jesus is the "firstborn from the grave", and by his resurrection He delivers to the Father a "peculiar people." The Heaven Father recognizes us because we belong to his beloved Son. A reference to the third day resurrection is found in the 4000-year-old Pyramid Texts: "Oh HR, this hour of the morning, of this third day is come, when thou surely passeth on to heaven, together with the stars, the imperishable stars." (Utterance 667) In fact, the earliest known resurrection texts were written by the Jesus' early Hebrew ancestors (4200 - 2000 BC). HR in proto-Egyptian means "Most High One".

If you are just now joining this study, welcome! Between 600 and 800 people have joined us. If you wish to catch up, you will find links to the previous lessons below. Join us next week as we continue our study of Matthew's Gospel.

Why the Name Jesus?
Matthew Chapter 1: A Closer Look
Matthew Chapter 2: The Magi Worship the Christ and Defy Herod
Matthew Chapter 3: Jesus and John Fulfill All Righteousness
Matthew Chapter 4: Jesus Exposes the Devil's Tactics
Matthew Chapter 5: Jesus Teaches with Superior Authority
Matthew Chapter 6: True Kingdom Seekers
Matthew Chapter 7: Entering by the Narrow Gate
Matthew Chapter 8: The Uniqueness of Jesus
Matthew Chapter 9: Christ the Compassionate Lord
Matthew Chapter 10: The Apostles' High Calling
Matthew Chapter 11: The Messiah Brings Relief
Matthew Chapter 12: Greater Glory Resides in Jesus
Matthew Chapter 13: Perceive His Kingdom Coming
Matthew Chapter 14: Christ Rules Over Nature
Matthew Chapter 15: The Power of Persistent Faith

Matthew Chapter 16: Preparing for the End

Preparing for the End

 

Welcome to this study of Matthew's Gospel, a collaborative effort between Mary Barmore and Dr. Alice C. Linsley.

For 9 months Mary Barmore was too sick to leave her bed. During those months, she read the New Testament for the first time and took notes on each of the books. This dramatically changed Mary's life. Before you begin this unique study of Matthew, read Mary's Testimony.

For this study, we use Mary's study notes and Alice adds notes of historical and anthropological relevance.

To prepare for this week's study, read Matthew chapter 16. When you have finished, answer the 10 questions. Scroll to the bottom to check your answers.

Introduction

The Pharisees and Scribes became hostile to Jesus. They asked him for a sign. Jesus told them that no sign would be given them except the sign of Jonah. Then he and his disciples departed from them.

Jesus warned his disciples about the false teachings of the Pharisees and Sadducees.

At Caesaria Philippi Jesus asked the disciples, "Who do men say that the Son of Man is?" Their responses reflect the speculation of the Jewish people about Jesus' identity. Jesus then made the question more personal: "Who do you say that I am?" Simon blurted out: "You are the Christ, the Son of the living God." Jesus then gave Simon a new name, Peter, and said that his church will be built upon the rock of Peter's confession of faith.

From this time, Jesus began to prepare his disciples for his impending arrest and death. He rebuked Peter when Peter said that this would never happen. Jesus went on to explain that the disciples can follow him only if they deny themselves and take up the cross.

The chapter closes with Jesus' statements about the coming judgement and the dawning of his kingdom. The message is clear: Jesus knew his time on earth was nearing an end and he wanted to prepare his disciples. His words serve as a warning to us also that we are to prepare for the end of this world.

Questions

1. Jesus noted that the Pharisees and Scribes recognized signs in nature, but not the signs of the times. Why are many people unable to see the signs of the times even today?

2. How does the story of Jonah relate to Jesus?

3. As usual, the disciples were preoccupied with food (bread). What message did Jesus deliver to redirect their focus?

4. How are false teachings like leaven?
 
5. Why did Jesus ask what people were saying about him?

6. What did Simon bar Jonah declare about Jesus?

7. What is the significance of the new name that Jesus gave to Simon?

8. How is the confession of faith in Jesus as the Christ (Messiah, Son of God) like a rock?

9. What did Peter not grasp about the Messiah?

10. How did Jesus describe his coming again, and what is meant by the claim that "there are some standing here who will not taste death before they see the Son of man come into his kingdom"?

Answers

1. In Christian eschatology (theology of the end times), the phrase "signs of the times" refers to significant world events that biblical texts describe as signs of the fulfillment of Christ's mission on earth. Such signs encourage preparedness before the Second Coming of Jesus Christ. People who do not read the Bible and do not believe that Jesus is the Son of God will not perceive the signs.

2. The story of Jonah relates to Jesus who was 3 days in the tomb before he rose from the grave. Likewise, Jonah was in the belly of the great fish for 3 days before God delivered him from the depths.

3. Jesus chastised the disciples for their preoccupation with food. He reminds them of how he miraculously fed the crowds. Then he redirected their thinking by warning them about the leaven (teachings) of the Pharisees and the Sadducees, the 2 largest factions within Judaism at that time. The Pharisees taught strict adherence to the Law (legalism), and the Sadducees rejected belief in bodily resurrection. Yet the disciples were witnesses to 3 incidents of Jesus raising people from the dead: Jairus' daughter, the son of the widow of Nain, and Lazarus.

4. False teachings are like leaven because a small amount can spread and corrupt an entire group, just as a small amount of yeast makes a whole batch of dough rise. This analogy would have been familiar to the disciples because bread was the main staple of the daily diet for ordinary people. The Hebrew word for bread is lechem  לֶחֶם  and it essentially meant food.

5. Jesus asked what people were saying about him to challenge his disciples to move beyond popular opinion, and to prompt them to recognize his true identity as the Messiah and the Son of God.

6. Simon declared that Jesus is "the Christ, the son of the living God" and Jesus explained that this was revealed to Simon by the Holy Spirit.

7. In the Bible when a person's spiritual life reaches a turning point, God gives them a new name. Abram became Abraham. Jacob became Israel. Simon bar Jonah means that Peter was a son of a man named Jonah. It is the Hebrew patronymic for Simon Peter. A patronymic is a personal name based on the given name of one's father or a famous male ancestor. These names are identified by the Hebrew word bar or the Aramaic word ben, both meaning son or male descendant. In Numbers 13, Caleb is designated Kalev ben Jephunneh. 1 Chronicles 2:19 identifies Hur as a son (ben) of Kalev (Caleb). Patronymic names are common in the Bible. (See Hebrew Names and Titles.) Some believe that all who are in Christ receive a new name that is written in the Book of Life mentioned in Revelation 20:15.

8. Rocks are hard and durable and they resist pressure. They provide solid foundations and stability to structures. The name Peter is derived from the Greek word petra, meaning stone or rock. The faith declared by Peter through the agency of the Holy Spirit is the solid foundation of the Church.

9. Even after all that Peter had seen and done, he still did not understand that the Son of God would have to die and rise in order to fulfill God's plan. Peter had seen Jesus deliver to him a great catch of fish (Luke 5). He had seen Jesus walk on water and even walked there himself. He had witnessed how Jesus miraculously fed great crowds. He had observed Jesus' power to heal every infirmity and his authority over demons. Even so, Peter did not understand that the Messiah, the Son of God, was to die and rise again to gain the ultimate victory over sin and death. His view of the Messiah was too small.

10. Jesus said he will come again in glory with his angels to repay every person for their deeds. He also said that some who heard him say this would not taste death before they see the Son of man coming in his kingdom. Since all who were there died before Jesus' return, this refers to Jesus' victory over sin and death through the cross and the resurrection. From the moment He rose from the dead, Jesus came into his kingdom. However, the day of judgement is yet to come.

If you are just now joining this study, welcome! Between 600 and 800 people have joined us. If you wish to catch up, you will find links to the previous lessons below.

Join us next week as we continue our study of Matthew's Gospel.

Why the Name Jesus?
Matthew Chapter 1: A Closer Look
Matthew Chapter 2: The Magi Worship the Christ and Defy Herod
Matthew Chapter 3: Jesus and John Fulfill All Righteousness
Matthew Chapter 4: Jesus Exposes the Devil's Tactics
Matthew Chapter 5: Jesus Teaches with Superior Authority
Matthew Chapter 6: True Kingdom Seekers
Matthew Chapter 7: Entering by the Narrow Gate
Matthew Chapter 8: The Uniqueness of Jesus
Matthew Chapter 9: Christ the Compassionate Lord
Matthew Chapter 10: The Apostles' High Calling
Matthew Chapter 11: The Messiah Brings Relief
Matthew Chapter 12: Greater Glory Resides in Jesus
Matthew Chapter 13: Perceive His Kingdom Coming
Matthew Chapter 14: Christ Rules Over Nature

Matthew Chapter 15: The Power of Persistent Faith

The Power of Persistent Faith

 

A 5th century BC votive relief found in a sanctuary dedicated to Asclepius 

shows a dog eating under the Master's table. 

Welcome to this study of Matthew's Gospel, a collaboration between Mary Barmore and Dr. Alice C. Linsley. Before you begin the lesson, read Matthew Chapter 15. When you have finished reading, answer the questions. Check your answers by scrolling to the bottom.


Introduction

In this chapter Jesus confronts the Pharisees and Scribes about elevating the precepts of their "elders" above the Word of God (vv. 1-9). Jesus criticizes them for transgressing the commandment to honor one's father and mother for the sake of their rabbinic laws. The specific example cited by Jesus involves not paying a debt to one's parents by instead giving money to the Temple which made one appear holy. This money supported the Temple authorities.

The Pharisees and Scribes criticized Jesus' disciples for not washing their hands when eating. They believed that this was defilement. However, according to Jesus, "defilement" springs from the heart and not from the failure to observe ritual washing. 

A “Canaanite woman” from the vicinity of Tyre and Sidon asked Jesus to heal her daughter of demon possession. Jesus explained that his mission as Messiah was to the Jews. While accepting that Jesus came to feed the Jews (called "children of Israel"), the woman asserts that the "dogs" (Gentiles) need what Jesus offers, even if it comes as crumbs from the Master's table.

This chapter describes healings and a second feeding of a large crowd. This happened at a "mount" near the Sea of Galilee. 

Questions

1. In his criticism of the Jewish leaders, Jesus quotes Isaiah 29:13. Here Isaiah speaks of a disconnect between the lips and the heart. This produces "vain" worship. What causes vain worship?

2. Jesus often quoted the Hebrew Scriptures. What does this indicate about his education?

3. The "Canaanite" woman is also referred to as a "Syrophoenician" woman. (Mark 7:24-30). Why?

4. What did the Syrophoenician woman want Jesus to do?

5. What was Jesus' initial response to the woman's request?

6. Jesus granted the woman's request and acknowledged her great faith. What did the woman believe about Jesus, and what was her spiritual attitude when she approached him?

7. What conditions were healed by Jesus, and why are these specific conditions significant?

8. According to the disciples, what available food was there to feed the large crowd? 

9. How many people were fed and how many baskets of leftovers were gathered?

10. What did the feeding of the crowd reveal about Jesus?

Answers

1. There are many causes of vain worship: hypocrisy, arrogance, spiritual rebellion, lust, hatred, deceit, etc. To worship in truth, we should confess our sins, seek forgiveness and repent.

2. Jesus knew the Hebrew Scriptures very well. As a Jewish boy he would have memorized large portions. Jesus' parents found him in the Temple instructing teachers and asking questions, amazing everyone with his understanding (Luke 2: 41-52). He was 12 years old at that time. By that age, many Jewish boys have mastered the first five books of the Bible (Torah). However, the fact that Jesus quoted Isaiah by memory suggests that he had progressed beyond that level to mastery of the Prophets.

3. The term "Canaanite" is more general than the term "Syrophoenician" used in Mark's account. The Land of Canaan included modern-day Israel, southern Lebanon, and parts of Jordan and Syria. It was bordered by the Mediterranean Sea on the West, the Jordan River on the East, Mount Hermon on the North, and Beersheba and the Sinai on the South. The woman was from the region of Tyre and Sidon on the Mediterranean coast. This region was known as Phoenicia. Historically, the rulers of Phoenicia were allies of Israel. King Hiram of Tyre provided the skilled workers and materials for David to build his palace. 

4. The Syrophoenician woman wanted Jesus to deliver her daughter who she believed to be possessed by a demon. In biblical times, people were delivered from demonic possession primarily by Jesus Christ who cast out demons with authority. This suggests that the woman had heard of Jesus and probably believed that he was Messiah (Christ). 

5. Jesus' initial response to the woman was to tell her that his mission was to the "lost sheep of the house of Israel." She did not belong to that population. The woman said, “Yes, Lord, but even the dogs eat the crumbs that fall from their masters' table.” She was willing to accept the crumbs.

6. Jesus marveled at her faith. He recognized her humility, a spiritual condition that arouses God's compassion. There is a beautiful Anglican prayer that alludes to this story. It is called the Prayer of Humble Access.

We do not presume to come to this thy Table, O merciful Lord, trusting in our own righteousness, but in thy manifold and great mercies. We are not worthy so much as to gather up the crumbs under thy Table. But thou art the same Lord, whose property is always to have mercy: Grant us therefore, gracious Lord, so to eat the Flesh of thy dear Son Jesus Christ, and to drink his Blood, that our sinful bodies may be made clean by his Body, and our souls washed through his most precious Blood, And that we may evermore dwell in him, and he in us. Amen.

 

7. Jesus healed the maimed, the lame, the blind, those who could not speak, and many others. This stirred great wonder among the people and they glorified God. These conditions are significant because, according to Isaiah 35:5-6, the Messiah was to heal people with these conditions. These healings were a sign of Jesus' identity as the Messiah (Christ).

8. Jesus asked what was available and the disciples told him that they had seven loaves and a few small fish.

9. The crowd consisted of 4000 men plus women and children. Jesus did not want to send them away hungry. After the people were fed, the disciples gathered seven baskets full of the broken pieces.

10. Jesus had compassion on the hungry people. He was concerned that some would faint while returning to their homes. He had the people sit down and then he made sure that they were fed before he dismissed the crowd.

If you are just now joining this study, welcome! Between 600 and 800 people have joined us. If you wish to catch up, you will find links to the previous lessons below.

Join us next week as we continue our study of Matthew's Gospel. 

Why the Name Jesus?
Matthew Chapter 1: A Closer Look
Matthew Chapter 2: The Magi Worship the Christ and Defy Herod
Matthew Chapter 3: Jesus and John Fulfill All Righteousness
Matthew Chapter 4: Jesus Exposes the Devil's Tactics
Matthew Chapter 5: Jesus Teaches with Superior Authority
Matthew Chapter 6: True Kingdom Seekers
Matthew Chapter 7: Entering by the Narrow Gate
Matthew Chapter 8: The Uniqueness of Jesus
Matthew Chapter 9: Christ the Compassionate Lord
Matthew Chapter 10: The Apostles' High Calling
Matthew Chapter 11: The Messiah Brings Relief
Matthew Chapter 12: Greater Glory Resides in Jesus
Matthew Chapter 13: Perceive His Kingdom Coming
Matthew Chapter 14: Christ Rules Over Nature

Christ Rules Over Nature

 

Welcome to this study of Matthew's Gospel, a collaboration between Mary Barmore and Alice C. Linsley. Before you begin, read Matthew Chapter 14. When you have finished reading, answer the 8 questions. Check your answers by scrolling to the bottom.


Introduction

News of Jesus had reached Herod the Tetrarch (Herod Antipas) who thought that Jesus was John the Baptist come back to life. Herod had sworn an oath to give John's head on a platter to Herodias. John's disciples took away John's body and buried him. 

After addressing a large crowd, healing many, and feeding over 5000, Jesus withdrew to the mountain to pray (v. 23). That night his disciples were in a boat on the Sea of Galilee when a strong wind arose and tossed the boat about. Jesus walked toward them on the water. Seeing Jesus, Peter sought to walk to him but grew fearful and began to sink. Jesus reached out and grabbed him, saying "O man of little faith, why did you doubt?" (v. 31) Once Peter was safely back in the boat he declared concerning Jesus, "Truly you are the Son of God," and all in the boat worshipped Jesus.

When Jesus landed at Gennesaret, he healed many people, even some who only touched the fringe of his garment (vv. 24-26). Matthew, Mark, and Luke record examples of people wanting to touch the hem of Jesus' garment. “They besought him that they might only touch the hem of his garment; and as many as touched (it) were healed.” The woman who had suffered for twelve years came behind Jesus and touched the hem of his outer garment and was healed (Matt. 9:19-22, Mk. 5:25–34; Lk. 8:43–48). It is believed that the woman touched the tzitzit (tassels, fringes) of his robe. For Jews, these indicated a nobleman, a royal person, or a priest.

Questions

1. Why did Herod fear that Jesus was John the Baptist come back to life?

2. Who was Herod the Tetrarch?

3. Why did Herod's wife Herodias seek to have John killed?

4. Jesus' disciples wanted to send the people away to find food, but Jesus insisted that they give them food. What does this tell us about Jesus?

5. How many baskets of leftovers were collected after Jesus fed the crowd of more than 5000?

6. After feeding the crowd, Jesus went away to pray by himself. He often did this. Why did Jesus seek solitude to pray?

7. What did the disciples imagine when they saw a figure walking on the water in the midst of a storm?

8. What did the tassels of Jesus' robe represent for the Jewish people?

Answers

1. Herod feared Jesus because of Jesus' powerful miracles. His guilty conscience led him to fear that Jesus might be acting on John's behalf to bring retribution for John's unlawful execution.

2. Herod the Tetrarch was also known as Herod Antipas. His father was Herod the Great. Herod Antipas ruled over Galilee and Perea under Rome's authority from about 4 B.C. to AD. 39. This is the ruler over Galilee that Jesus would have known during his lifetime. Herod Antipas faced exile after being accused of treason by his wife, Herodias and her brother, Agrippa I.

3. The ambitious Herodias sought to have John killed because he had challenged Herod's unlawful marriage to her. She was the wife of Herod's half-brother Philip. 

4. The feeding of the 5000 speaks of Jesus' divine power, compassion, and provision. It demonstrates that he is the "Bread of Life" which nourishes spiritually and physically. The story also prefigures the Kingdom of Heaven which is described in Revelation 7:16-17: "Never again will they hunger; never again will they thirst. The sun will not beat down on them, nor any scorching heat. For the Lamb at the center of the throne will be their shepherd; He will lead them to springs of living water, and God will wipe every tear from their eyes."

5. After the crowd had eaten, the disciples gathered 12 baskets of leftovers. The disciples knew they were not able to feed the multitude. Jesus' feeding of the people spoke about the abundance of God's provision. This story echoes God's provision of manna in the wilderness. What was accomplished under Moses was inferior to what was accomplished by Jesus, the Son of God. The Israelites were not able to gather leftover manna. The contrast between these two divine feedings is significant. The manna provided temporary physical nourishment, while the bread Jesus provided symbolizes the eternal nourishment that only He can offer.

6. Jesus often left the company of the disciples to pray alone. This custom of Jesus is recorded in Luke 5:16, Luke 9:18, Luke 22, Mark 1:35, Matthew 14:23, and Matthew 26. His prayed alone before major decisions, after exhausting periods of ministry, and in times of distress. He needed solitude to commune with his Father without distractions. Christians are to do the same.

7. They thought they were seeing a ghost or an apparition. The Greek word that appears here is φάντασμα, translated "phantom". A phantom is an image that appears to the senses but whose reality is questionable. In their fear, they did not comprehend that they were seeing the Lord. To walk on water defies human understanding, but the Christ is master over the wind and waves. In Mark's Gospel, the veteran fishermen were terrified and cried out to Jesus, saying, "Teacher, don't you care if we drown?" Mark's Gospel then states that: "He got up, rebuked the wind and said to the waves, 'Quiet! Be still!' Then the wind died down and it was completely calm. He said to his disciples, 'Why are you so afraid? Do you still have no faith?' They were terrified and asked each other, 'Who is this? Even the wind and the waves obey him!"

8. The tassels of Jesus' robe indicated a person of authority. The hem of the High Priest’s robe had fringes with a row of pomegranates and golden bells. The pomegranates and golden bells on the High Priest's robe (Ex. 28:33-34) symbolized holiness and the priestly role. The tassels were mandated by Jewish law (Num. 15:38-39). They symbolized holiness and God's presence. Those who wanted to be healed sought to connect with Jesus who is God in the flesh.

Join us in January 2026 as we continue our study of Matthew's Gospel. Before then, this might interest you: Year A Focuses on Matthew's Gospel

Related Reading

Why the Name Jesus?

Matthew Chapter 1: A Closer Look

Matthew Chapter 2: The Magi Worship the Christ and Defy Herod

Matthew Chapter 3: Jesus and John Fulfill All Righteousness

Matthew Chapter 4: Jesus Exposes the Devil's Tactics

Matthew Chapter 5: Jesus Teaches with Superior Authority

Matthew Chapter 6: True Kingdom Seekers

Matthew Chapter 7: Entering by the Narrow Gate

Matthew Chapter 8: The Uniqueness of Jesus

Matthew Chapter 9: Christ the Compassionate Lord

Matthew Chapter 10: The Apostles' High Calling

Matthew Chapter 11: The Messiah Brings Relief

Matthew Chapter 12: Greater Glory Resides in Jesus

Matthew Chapter 13: Perceive His Kingdom Coming

Year A Focuses on Matthew's Gospel

At Distinctive Discipleship, we have been studying Matthew's Gospel. Congregations that use the Common Lectionary note that the Gospel readings for this year (2026-2026) are from Matthew's Gospel, as is customary for Lectionary Year A.

 

The Lectionary takes us through the Church year which begins with the season of Advent in November. Christmas lasts 12 days. Then comes Epiphany, Lent, Easter, and the season after Pentecost. 

The Year A Lectionary focuses on key passages from Matthew, including the Baptism of Jesus, Jesus' temptation, the Sermon on the Mount, and Jesus' miracles.

Those wanting to dig into the Gospel of Matthew are invited to join our weekly Bible study. It isn't too late! Here are the links to what we have studied to date: 

Why the Name Jesus?

Matthew Chapter 1: A Closer Look

Matthew Chapter 2: The Magi Worship the Christ and Defy Herod

Matthew Chapter 3: Jesus and John Fulfill All Righteousness

Matthew Chapter 4: Jesus Exposes the Devil's Tactics

Matthew Chapter 5: Jesus Teaches with Superior Authority

Matthew Chapter 6: True Kingdom Seekers

Matthew Chapter 7: Entering by the Narrow Gate

Matthew Chapter 8: The Uniqueness of Jesus

Matthew Chapter 9: Christ the Compassionate Lord

Matthew Chapter 10: The Apostles' High Calling

Matthew Chapter 11: The Messiah Brings Relief

Matthew Chapter 12: Greater Glory Resides in Jesus

Matthew Chapter 13: Perceive His Kingdom Coming

Matthew Chapter 14: Christ Rules Over Nature

We will be taking a 3-week break beginning on December 15.

Have a blessed Christmas! 

Mary Barmore and Alice C. Linsley